Views: 1 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2024-04-01 Origin: Site
In the past, the vast majority of household solar energy storage systems used lead-acid batteries, but in recent years, this situation has begun to undergo significant changes, with more and more household energy storage systems adopting lithium-ion batteries. Today we will explore which is more suitable for energy storage systems, lithium-ion batteries or lead-acid batteries?
Since the 1970s, lead-acid batteries have been used in household solar power systems as energy storage batteries. It is similar to traditional car batteries, but the charging and discharging frequency is higher than that of cars. Due to the lower cost of lead-acid batteries compared to lithium-ion batteries, household users are more inclined to choose lead-acid batteries.
The maximum number of cycles for lead-acid batteries is around 1000, while the number of cycles for lithium-ion batteries is mostly between 1000 and 4000. Therefore, in the high-frequency charging and discharging cycles of solar energy storage systems, users will have to frequently replace lead-acid batteries.
Lead acid batteries also have the problem of low discharge and charging efficiency, which consumes additional energy during use and cannot be charged and discharged quickly like lithium battery systems. So under the same conditions, lead-acid batteries will require more capacity and space, which means larger volume and weight.
Lead is still a toxic heavy metal, even if it is recyclable, slight mishandling can cause pollution.
In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have developed rapidly and become the preferred choice for many devices. Mobile power supplies, mobile phones, laptops, cars, and so on. More and more households are using lithium-ion batteries for solar energy storage systems. However, lithium-ion batteries also have some limitations, with cost being the top priority.
The initial cost of lithium-ion batteries is higher than that of lead-acid batteries. Tesla's Powerwall energy storage system was priced at $5900 or $6600 in the United States in 2018, including supporting hardware. This is a 14kWh battery system that can provide up to 7kW of power at peak demand, and its cost does not include installation costs.
With the improvement and optimization of the lithium battery industry chain, the cost of lithium-ion batteries is decreasing. According to the November 2017 report, the installation cost of lead-acid battery energy storage systems for home solar energy is between $598 and $635 per kilowatt hour. The installation cost of lithium-ion batteries ranges from $831 to $1089 per kilowatt hour. But the low cost of lead-acid batteries hides some additional costs, such as shorter working life and higher operating costs.
The cost of ion batteries and lead-acid batteries currently used in household energy storage systems is very important. They can be used as independent energy storage systems or in conjunction with residential solar power generation facilities to meet the energy needs of some or all household users or businesses.
In terms of working life, it is expected that lithium-ion batteries will continue to operate for 8-10 years, and they can reach higher levels of charging and discharging without significantly reducing capacity.
Lithium ion batteries used for household energy storage systems are not lightweight, but compared to lead-acid batteries of the same specifications, their volume and weight are reduced by about 30%; Can charge faster at higher voltages; There has also been a significant improvement in safety performance.
Of course, there are many advantages to lithium-ion batteries. In summary, lithium-ion batteries have more advantages in energy storage applications than lead-acid batteries, and with the decrease in cost, they will be increasingly used in energy storage systems.
