Views: 6 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2024-03-27 Origin: Site
Square lithium iron phosphate battery is a common type of lithium-ion battery, which has advantages such as high energy density, long lifespan, and high safety. It has been widely used in many application fields. Below, I will provide a detailed introduction to the relevant knowledge points of lithium iron phosphate square batteries from the aspects of structure, process, production, safety, usage scenarios, and electrical performance.
1.1.Positive electrode material: Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is a commonly used positive electrode material with stable chemical properties and high cycle life.
1.2.Negative electrode material: Carbon materials (such as natural graphite and spherical graphite) are commonly used negative electrode materials with good conductivity and lithium insertion reaction characteristics.
1.3.Diaphragm material: Polyolefin membranes (such as polypropylene) are commonly used as battery separators, which have good ion conductivity and mechanical strength.
1.4.Electrolyte: Anhydrous carbonate or phosphate type solutions are usually used as electrolytes to provide ion conduction pathways.
2.11.Preparation of positive and negative electrodes: The positive electrode material is obtained through mixing, sintering, crushing and other processes, while the negative electrode material is subjected to graphitization or spherical graphite treatment.
2.2.Battery assembly: The positive and negative electrodes are stacked with the separator in a certain order to form battery cells, which are stacked to form a battery pack and connected to the current collector.
2.3.Packaging: The battery pack is packaged inside a metal shell, with aluminum foil commonly used as the electrode collector for the positive and negative electrodes, and connected to the outside world through electrode wires.
3.1.Composition preparation: Select appropriate materials based on the formula of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and electrolyte, and mix them in proportion to prepare a mixture.
3.2.Battery assembly: By using automated assembly lines, the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator are stacked and assembled into battery cells according to a certain process flow.
3.3.Packaging: Using automated packaging equipment, the battery cells are placed inside a metal shell and sealed to ensure a stable internal environment of the battery.
3.4.Activation and testing: Perform the first charge discharge cycle on the packaged battery to activate it and test its performance indicators.
4.1.Thermal runaway protection: Thermistors and fuses are installed inside the battery to automatically cut off the circuit once the temperature exceeds the safe range.
4.2.Overcharge and discharge protection: The battery management system (BMS) is used to monitor the battery voltage and current in real time, avoiding overcharging and discharging.
5.1.Electric vehicles: Square lithium iron phosphate batteries have high energy density and long lifespan, making them suitable for transportation vehicles such as electric vehicles and electric bicycles.
5.2.Energy storage system: Square lithium iron phosphate batteries can be used for energy storage systems to store solar and wind energy, providing stable power supply.
5.3. Backup power supply for power equipment: Square lithium iron phosphate batteries can be used as backup power supply for power equipment, communication systems, etc., providing reliable power support.
6.1. Energy density: Square lithium iron phosphate batteries have a relatively high energy density, which can provide longer range or energy storage time.
6.2.Cycle life: Square lithium iron phosphate batteries have a long cycle life, usually reaching thousands of charge and discharge cycles.
6.3.Self discharge rate: A relatively low self discharge rate that maintains long-term storage capacity.
6.4.Low temperature performance: It can still maintain good battery performance in low temperature environments and is suitable for cold regions.
during discharge:
positive electrode reaction: LiFePO₄ → Li⁺ + FePO₄ + e⁻
negative electrode reaction: LiC₆ + Li⁺ + e⁻ → C₆
overall reaction: LiFePO₄ + LiC₆ → FePO₄ + C₆
during charging:
positive electrode reaction: Li⁺ + FePO₄ + e⁻ → LiFePO₄
negative electrode reaction: C₆ → LiC₆ + Li⁺ + e⁻
The overall reaction: FePO₄ + C₆ → LiFePO₄ + LiC₆
These reactions describe the chemical changes of lithium iron phosphate square batteries during charge discharge cycles. During the discharge process, the lithium ions Li+in the lithium iron phosphate cathode material leave the cathode material (LiFePO ₄) and migrate to the negative electrode material (carbon material C ₆) through the electrolyte. During this process, the lithium ions in the positive electrode material decrease, producing FePO ₄, while the lithium ions in the negative electrode material increase, forming LiC ₆. During the charging process, these reactions are reversed, and lithium ions migrate from the negative electrode material to the positive electrode material.
Through these chemical reactions, square lithium iron phosphate battery achieve the insertion and deintercalation of lithium ions during charge discharge cycles, thereby achieving energy storage and release. This electrochemical reaction has a significant impact on the performance and cycle life of batteries. The selection of positive and negative electrode materials and optimization of electrolyte formula for lithium iron phosphate square batteries can improve the electrochemical reaction kinetics and cycling stability of the battery, and enhance its performance and lifespan.
In summary, square lithium iron phosphate batteries have rich knowledge points in terms of structure, process, production, safety, usage scenarios, and electrical performance. By gaining a deeper understanding of these aspects, we can better understand and apply square lithium iron phosphate batteries.
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